分類 / Names
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Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 汽水性の; 海洋回遊性. Tropical; 38°N - 37°S, 22°E - 153°W
Indo-Pacific: Mossel Bay in South Africa, to the Red Sea and India, possibly to western Pacific (Ref. 3968).
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm FL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 4967); 最大公表体重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 20 - 27; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 14 - 18.
Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832) [actual freshwater records remain to be confirmed]. Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Edible, but not tasty and full of bones (Ref. 3968). A total length of 126 cm for this species has been reported from Knysna, South Africa (G. Bernardt, pers. comm., e-mail: gerard@smallstreams.com) .
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生
Smith, M.M., 1986. Elopidae. p. 155-156. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3968)
Human uses
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.7 - 28.4, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1366 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00514 - 0.00889), b=2.99 (2.91 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
