Ecology Summary - Elops machnata

语言:

主要参考文献	Thollot, P., 1996
附注	Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Pelagic. Inhabits coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries. Reportedly forms large adult shoals when breeding. Nocturnal predator. Feeds on small fishes and shrimp (Ref. 9773).

主要参考文献

Thollot, P., 1996

附注

Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Pelagic. Inhabits coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries. Reportedly forms large adult shoals when breeding. Nocturnal predator. Feeds on small fishes and shrimp (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/泻湖/半咸淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞专门地

Highighted items on the list are where Elops machnata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Pelagic;
Substrate Ref.	Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参考文献
Associations	shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

进食

摄取食物的类型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990
摄取食物的习惯	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Smith, M.M., 1986

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的样本		不捕获族群		附注
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附注
从食物内容	3.97	0.31	3.84	0.58	Troph of adults from 4 studies.
从个别的食物项目	3.86	0.61			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参考文献	Marais, J.F.K., 1984

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