分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 1 - 55 m, usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9298). 熱帶; 14°N - 26°S, 87°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Panama to Trinidad and south to at least Santos, Brazil, perhaps further. Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to the northern border of Peru at 3°34'S, perhaps further. Also found in freshwater.
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到千里達而且南至至少巴西的桑托斯, 也許更進一步。 東太平洋: 在 3 ° 34 的哥斯大黎加到祕魯的邊緣北部'S, 也許更進一步。 也發現於淡水。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 66.30 g (Ref. 118626)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 31 - 37. Snout about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching to or a little beyond edge of gill cover; anterior gill rakers mere stumps; hind border of gill cover with a small triangular projection; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Pectoral fin long; anal fin origin below midpoint of dorsal fin base. A silver stripe along flank in small individuals, disappearing with age (Ref. 189).
吻大约 3/4 眼直径; 颚骨长的, 顶端尖的, 延伸到或稍微超过鳃盖的边缘; 前面的鳃耙小湖砍断; 鳃盖的后部边缘具有一个小的三角形的突出; panamensis-类型的鳃盖运河。 胸鳍长的; 在背鳍基底的中点之下的臀鳍起源。 一条银色的斑纹在小的个体中沿着侧面, 随着年龄而消失。 (参考文献 189)
A coastal species that apparently forms large schools. Enters brackish and fresh waters. Feeds on small fishes (including clupeoids) and prawns (Ref. 12225). Seems to spawn over an extended period in Costa Rica (small fishes caught in February, September and October). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9298).
一个显然地形成大群鱼群的沿岸鱼种。 进入半咸淡水与淡水。 吃小鱼 (包括鲱鱼) 与虾。 (参考文献 12225) 似乎在哥斯达黎加产卵于一个延长的时期之上。 (小鱼捕获于二月，九月与十月) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 9298)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Probably an extended spawning season in Costa Rica (small fishes caught in February, September and October (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 巴拿馬到千里達而且南至至少巴西的桑托斯, 也許更進一步。 東太平洋: 在 3 ° 34 的哥斯大黎加到祕魯的邊緣北部'S, 也許更進一步。 也發現於淡水。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00296 - 0.00706), b=3.17 (3.05 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 188 [109, 440] mg/100g; Iron = 1.38 [0.74, 2.46] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.338 [0.163, 0.725] g/100g; Selenium = 40.5 [18.0, 103.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.3 [5.6, 54.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.51 [1.04, 2.18] mg/100g (wet weight);
