分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 40 - 385 m. 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 18°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida Keys in USA and throughout the Gulf of Mexico.
西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達在美國與在墨西哥灣各處調音。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251)
Inhabits offshore waters. Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
栖息于离岸水域。 用毒液腺的匙骨棘.(参考文献 57406)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達在美國與在墨西哥灣各處調音。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 25.3, mean 20.8 °C (based on 56 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00266 - 0.01494), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).