Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten; katadrom (Ref. 46888). Subtropical; 30°N - 6°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA to northeastern Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 16.0, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); common length : 15.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 190.00 g (Ref. 9626)
Occur in coastal water, brackish lagoons and lower reaches of rivers (sometimes in freshwater) (Ref. 3791). Feed on small algae and other organic matter (Ref. 3791). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28, mean 27 °C (based on 244 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00934 - 0.02453), b=2.96 (2.82 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 205 [69, 608] mg/100g; Iron = 3.16 [0.59, 15.54] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.548 [0.242, 1.334] g/100g; Selenium = 42.5 [14.4, 140.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.9 [2.4, 36.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.19 [1.03, 5.38] mg/100g (wet weight);