Classification / Names
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Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Paramormyrops: Greek, para = near + Greek, mormyros = a fish (Sparus sp) (Ref. 45335); ntotom: The species name, ntotom, is the word for mormyrid fish in the language of the Fang people from northern Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and southern Cameroon (Ref. 116799).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
; Γλυκού νερού βενθοπελαγικό. Tropical
Africa: Ogowe River in Gabon (Ref. 116799).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.3 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 116799)
Short description
Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά): 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά): 19-21; Εδρικές άκανθες 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 24 - 26; Σπόνδυλοι: 41 - 44. Diagnosis: Paramormyrops ntotom is distinguished from all other Lower-Guinea Paramormyrops by a combination of morphological and electrical characteristics: 5 teeth in upper-jaw, 6 in lower; 12 circumpeduncular scales; V-shaped snout profile viewed from above, snout angle 38-50°, corresponding to an interorbital width 0.8-1.05 times the snout length; body depth 14.9-18.1% of standard length, 81-91.6% of body depth at urogenital pore; eye diameter 12.4-14.7% of head length measured to end of opercular bone; snout length 23.8-28.3% of head length; ratio of head length to depth 1.25-1.40; head length 20.4-24.6% of standard length; EOD waveform with two phases, head positive then negative, duration 4.78 ± 1.10 ms with a corresponding peak power spectral frequency, 265 ± 67 Hz; electric organ composed of type NPp electrocytes (Ref. 116799). With its 5/6 teeth, 12 circumpeduncular scales and sharp snout, Paramormyrops ntotom differs from all other described Paramormyrops except P. curvifrons and P. spekodes (Ref. 116799). Five morphological characters distinguish P. ntotom from P. curvifrons: ratio of head length to standard length shorter in P. ntotom compared with P. curvifrons; slight concave depression in the forehead in advance of the orbit and a relatively compact snout compared to P. curvifrons which has a longer snout, downward sloping, often with a slightly protruding chin and upper lip; shorter prepectoral distance relative to predorsal distance; snout angle greater in P. ntotom than P. curvifrons; and the head depth relative to head length greater in P. ntotom than in P. curvifrons; EOD duration slightly longer in P. ntotom compared with P. curvifrons, with extensive overlap; both species have type NPp electrocytes in the electric organ and both exhibit sex differences in EOD duration (Ref. 116799). Paramormyrops ntotom differs from P. sphekodes in the six following morphological characters: larger overall size at sexual maturity; head more elongate and less rounded; snout reduced; larger caudal peduncle depth to length ratio; the smaller eye diameter relative to head length; and the greater EOD duration; when alive P. ntotom is most easily distinguished from P. sphekodes by its longer EOD duration and a correspondingly lower peak spectral frequency; the EODs of P. ntotom and P. sphekodes also differ in shape, with the width of first and second phase being equal for P. ntotom, while W1 is longer than W2 in P. sphekodes; living specimens of these two species also differ in colouration: dorsal and anal fin pigmentation tends to be darker in P. ntotom than P. sphekodes, and the ground colour of the skin tends to be darker chocolate brown compared to yellow brown in P. sphekodes (Ref. 116799).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Rich, M., J.P. Sullivan and C.D. Hopkins, 2017. Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 180:613-646. (Ref. 116799)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
Κοινά ονόματαΣυνώνυμαΜεταβολισμόςΘηρευτέςΟικοτοξικολογίαΑναπαραγωγήΓεννητική ΩρίμανσηΓεννοβολίαΣυναθροίσεις γεννοβολίαςΓονιμότηταΑβγάEgg development
Age/SizeΑύξησηLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesΜορφομετρίαΜορφολογίαΠρονύμφεςΔυναμική προνυμφώνΣτρατολόγησηΑφθονίαBRUVS
ΑναφορέςΥδατοκαλλιέργειεςΠροφίλ υδατοκαλλιέργειαςΣτελέχοιΓενετικήElectrophoresesΚληρονομικότηταΑσθένειεςΜεταποίησηNutrientsMass conversion
ΣυνεργάτεςΦωτογραφίεςStamps, Coins Misc.ΉχοιΣιγκουατέραΤαχύτηταΚολυμβητικός ΤύποςΕπιφάνεια βραγχίωνOtolithsΕγκέφαλοιΌραση
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00251 - 0.01261), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
