分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes)
鱘形目 (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
鱘科 (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m. 溫帶; 71°N - 36°N, 11°E - 111°E (Ref. 124675)
Eurasia: rivers draining to Black, Azov and Caspian Seas; Siberia from Ob eastward to Yenisei drainages. Introduced throughout Europe, without formation of self-sustaining populations.
歐亞大陸: 黑海及裡海的流域; 北極圈流域到白海及喀拉海與亞速海。 瀕臨絕種的.(參考文獻 6866) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2 對於多瑙河族群). 發現於德維納河的北部與西部與他們的支流了。 (參考文獻 42845)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 42.8, range 40 - 45 cm
Max length : 125 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6866); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 16.0 kg (Ref. 593); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 556)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 13; 背的軟條 (總數): 28; 臀棘 9; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 18. Back and flanks are beige. Five rows of scutes : 12-17D, 57-71L, 10-19V. Ventrals and laterals are very light-colored, nearly white. Narrow and pointed snout with four long and fringed barbels. Inferior lip clearly slit (Ref. 40476). Can be diagnosed from congeners in Europe by having 56-71 lateral scutes, first dorsal scute not fused with head, barbels fimbriate, lower lip interrupted in middle and 11-27 gill rakers (Ref. 59043).
背面與側面是淺褐色的。 五個列的鱗甲 : 12-17D ， 57-71L,10-19V. 腹面與側部是最顏色較淡, 幾乎白色。 狹窄而尖的吻有四個長而有穗邊的觸鬚。 下方的唇清楚地裂縫 (參考文獻 40476)
A fluvial fish which inhabits rivers and their tributaries (Ref. 9696). Occurs in large rivers, usually in the current and in deep water. Moves to flooded areas to feed (Ref. 59043). Chiefly potamodromous (Ref. 58897). Like other sturgeons, it aggregates in bottom holes in winter and exhibits little activity. In spring, when ice breaks, it rises from the bottom holes and moves upstream for spawning (Ref. 593). Spawns in habitats with strong-current on gravel, rarely on gravel-sand bottom or in flooded sites. Juveniles stay in riverine habitats during their first summer. Classified as endangered species. Anadromous populations are now extirpated; local populations are still surviving in most parts of range (Ref. 59043).
居住於河與他們的支流的一個河川魚類.(參考文獻 9696) 主要地河川洄游.(參考文獻 58897) 像其他的鱘魚,它在底部洞中聚集冬天時而且展現小的活動。 在春天，當冰打破的時候，它從底部洞上升而且向上游移動進行產卵。 進行產卵,魚選擇河的主要峽道, 在哪裡水流是快速的與底部被覆蓋著礫石的地方.(參考文獻 593)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Scatters eggs on gravel.歐亞大陸: 黑海及裡海的流域; 北極圈流域到白海及喀拉海與亞速海。 瀕臨絕種的.(參考文獻 6866) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2 對於多瑙河族群). 發現於德維納河的北部與西部與他們的支流了。 (參考文獻 42845)
Birstein, V.J., 1993. Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. Conserv. Biol. 7:773-787. (Ref. 6866)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2cde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00141 (0.00081 - 0.00246), b=3.26 (3.11 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 13.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=5-9; tmax=36; K=0.12; Fec=11,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.4 [14.3, 37.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.282 [0.181, 0.425] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.0, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.408 [0.247, 0.673] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [10.1, 32.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.74 [3.10, 18.84] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.519 [0.391, 0.693] mg/100g (wet weight);
