分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Protonibea: Greek, protos = the first + see under Nibea.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 100 m (Ref. 43239). 熱帶; 40°N - 28°S, 47°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: west coast of the Persian Gulf and along the coasts of India and Sri Lanka, north to Japan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to New Guinea and northern Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣的西岸而且沿著印度海岸與斯里蘭卡, 北至日本與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 85 - ? cm
Max length : 165.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9772); 最大体重: 0.00 g; 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 72458)
背棘 (总数): 10 - 11; 背的软条 (总数): 225; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 7. 7-8 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch.
在第一个的下面肢翼上的 7-8 鳃耙成弓形弯曲。
Found in coastal waters over muddy bottoms, off the sea-bed. Ascend tidal rivers and estuaries (Ref. 9772). Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Also caught with bottom trawls (Ref. 9772). Sold fresh and dried salted (swim bladder) in markets. An important food fish. Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 118911).
发现于了沿岸水域在泥沙底上面, 外海的海床。 上溯到有潮汐涨落的河川与河口。 (参考文献 9772) 主要捕食甲壳动物与小鱼。 也用底拖网捕获。 (参考文献 9772) 生鲜贩卖与在市场中乾燥盐腌 (泳鳔)了。 一个重要的食用鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣的西岸而且沿著印度海岸與斯里蘭卡, 北至日本與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
Lal Mohan, R.S., 1984. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3490)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1838 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00539 - 0.01227), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29-0.52; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 40.5 [14.2, 156.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.578 [0.238, 1.642] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.112, 0.346] g/100g; Selenium = 84.9 [44.5, 168.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.38 [2.40, 34.23] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.405, 1.471] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
