分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); fonticola: From the Greek etheo=to strain and stoma=mouth; fonticola=fountain dweller (Ref. 79012).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 29°N
North America: found only in San Marcos and Comal springs and their effluent rivers (Guadalupe River system) in southern central Texas, USA.
北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 2.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 6 - 8; 背的软条 (总数): 10-13; 臀棘 1; 臀鳍软条: 5 - 8; 脊椎骨: 32 - 33
Occur in vegetated springs, pools and runs of effluent rivers (Ref. 5723). Feed primarily on cladocerans, copepods, amphipods, and aquatic insects (Ref. 54633). Spawn throughout the year (Ref. 75081) at 33-day interval (Ref. 31966). Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).
出现于长满植物的泉水,流出河的水潭与急流。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 12 December 2011
人类利用
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00235 - 0.01227), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=760).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).