分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 100 m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶; 38°N - 7°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Virginia, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to at least northern South America.
西大西洋: 美國維吉尼亞與墨西哥灣北部到至少南美洲北部。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 29.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 10.70 g (Ref. 118626)
背棘 (總數): 2; 背的軟條 (總數): 35-36; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 32 - 33. Branchiostegal photophore series restricted mid-ventral, with deep U-shaped apex anteriorly; margin of soft dorsal fin membranes with black blotches, black margin intermittent (Ref. 13608).
腹面中央被限制的鰓蓋發光器系列,前面地有深的 U 形的尖頂; 軟背鰭薄膜的邊緣有黑色的斑塊,黑色的邊緣斷續的。 (參考文獻 13608)
Inhabits mud or sand bottoms (Ref. 5217). Most common on rather shallow offshore banks, such as commercial shrimp grounds; less common inshore.
棲息於泥或砂質底部。 (參考文獻 5217) 最常見在相當淺的近海淺堆上, 例如商業的蝦場; 較不普遍近海。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國維吉尼亞與墨西哥灣北部到至少南美洲北部。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 27.9, mean 26 °C (based on 484 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00234 - 0.01177), b=3.16 (2.98 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 155 [83, 295] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.65, 1.94] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.2, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.106, 0.406] g/100g; Selenium = 53.1 [25.2, 128.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 52.6 [17.5, 159.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1 [1, 1] mg/100g (wet weight);