分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 55); 深度上下限 5 - 180 m (Ref. 55), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W (Ref. 55231)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts south along U.S. coast, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Records from Brazil are based on misidentifications (Ref. 113893). Records from the eastern Atlantic are vagrants (Ref. 10795).
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島向南至巴西里約熱內盧, 包括西印度群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.), 墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 21 - ? cm
Max length : 89.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 20.0 kg (Ref. 4883); 最大年龄: 21 年 (Ref. 55)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8. Dorsal profile of head slightly concave, snout long and pointed. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line anteriorly, but rising obliquely posteriorly, below soft part of dorsal fin. Young specimens with a dark stripe from snout through the eye to upper opercle and a blue stripe on cheek below eye.
头部的背面轮廓些微地凹曲, 吻长而尖的。 前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤弱的。 鳞片列背面前面地平行于侧线, 但是在后部地斜向上升, 在背鳍的软棘部位之下。 幼鱼具有一个黑的斑纹在眼之下在颊上从吻尖到对上面的鳃盖与一条蓝色的斑纹眼。
Adults inhabit coastal as well as offshore waters around coral reefs, rocky areas, estuaries, mangrove areas, and sometimes in lower reaches of rivers (especially the young). They are found in fresh water in Florida (Ref. 26938). Often forming large aggregations. Feed mainly at night on small fishes, shrimps, crabs, gastropods, cephalopods and some planktonic items. Easily approached (Ref. 9710). Good food fish (Ref. 9626). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9987). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
栖息于海岸的以及离岸水域。 发现于珊瑚礁，岩石区，河口，红树林区域周围了, 与有时在河川下游中.(尤其幼鱼) 在佛罗里达发现于淡水了。 (参考文献 26938) 时常形成大的群集。 主要在晚上捕食小鱼，虾，螃蟹，腹足动物，头足类动物与一些浮游性项目。 容易接近。 (参考文献 9710) 好食用鱼.(参考文献 9626) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 吃油锅炸的, 火烤,微波, 而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9987) 曾经后面在繁殖场.(参考文献 35420)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning occurs in summer near the time of the full moon. 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島向南至巴西里約熱內盧, 包括西印度群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.), 墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 137 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01302 - 0.01681), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.6 (4.8 - 8.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.10; tm=2-3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.45, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.67, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [8.0, 24.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.183, 0.560] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.132, 0.370] g/100g; Selenium = 36.3 [18.3, 68.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 92.6 [15.6, 438.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.255 [0.181, 0.390] mg/100g (wet weight);
