Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis. Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa south to Knysna, South Africa and east to the western Pacific.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 11441)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 4; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 9; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 9. Caudal fin deeply emarginate; silvery blue-grey on back, silvery on sides and ventrally; pectoral fins yellowish with a black spot at upper base (Ref. 11441).
Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
informasi lanjut
Nama-nama umumSinonim (persamaan)metabolismePemangsaEkotoksikologiReproduksi, perkembang biakanKematanganPemijahanSpawning aggregationFecunditytelur-telurpekembangan telor
Umur / SaizPertumbuhanpanjang-beratpanjang-panjangukuran frekuensiMorfometrikMorfologiLarvaDinamika larvapemulihanKelimpahanBRUVS
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 29, mean 27.5 °C (based on 410 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00558 - 0.02474), b=2.96 (2.79 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).