分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 27 - 95 m (Ref. 7251). 熱帶; - 6°N
Western Atlantic: northeastern Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, and the Antilles to Guyana.
西大西洋: 佛羅里達東北方 (美國) ，墨西哥灣與安地列斯群島到蓋亞那。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 9.6, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
Found between the shore and 100 m depth, on sand or mud bottoms rich in organic matter. Feed mainly on shrimps (Penaeidae), amphipods, crustacean larvae and annelids. The whole life cycle develops on the continental shelf. During reproduction in May and September, adults gather in shallow waters of the estuaries and along the coast. Sexual activity takes place during the rainy season which corresponds to quite a large influx of organic matter, thereby ensuring food for the breeding fish. Sexual dimorphism affects the interorbital width and pectoral fin length of the hidden side. Juveniles remain planktonic for a long time with a high growth rate of >5% per day (Ref. 35237).
發現在海岸與 100 公尺深之間了, 在沙或泥底部上豐富的在有機物。 主要吃蝦 (對蝦) ，片腳類動物，甲殼類幼生與環節動物。 它的整個生命周期在大陸棚上發育。 在繁殖的時候五月時與九月, 成魚河口聚集在淺水區中而且沿著海岸。 性的活動在相當一個有機物的大流入一致的雨季的時候發生,藉此為繁殖魚確定食物。 性的同種二形影響眼間骨寬度與隱藏側邊的胸鰭長度。 稚魚保持浮游性有很長的一段時間具有一個高的成長率 >一天 5%.(參考文獻 35237)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 佛羅里達東北方 (美國) ，墨西哥灣與安地列斯群島到蓋亞那。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.2 - 27.4, mean 24.8 °C (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00394 - 0.01332), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80.6 [31.0, 168.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.655 [0.300, 1.155] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.098 [0.050, 0.191] g/100g; Selenium = 35.4 [17.1, 76.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.4 [12.4, 241.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.39 [0.90, 2.04] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
