Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; تغييرات عمق 0 - 100 m (Ref. 3688), usually 30 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 38°N - 13°N, 27°W - 5°W
Southwestern Mediterranean Sea (Malaga to Gibraltar); eastern Atlantic from Cape Verde Islands north to Cadiz (Spain).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 11.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4781); common length : 15.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4781)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 10 - 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 13-15; خارهاي باله مخرجي 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 13 - 15
Gregarious. Inhabits the upper portion of the continental shelf from the coastline to 100 m depth, but especially from 30 to 50 m. Occurs on various types of bottom. Sometimes forms sizeable aggregations. Feeds on small benthic mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 4781). Important food fish. Minimum depth range from Ref. 113561.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.6 - 21.6, mean 18.9 °C (based on 14 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01174 - 0.01623), b=3.06 (3.03 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.27).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73.9 [41.1, 137.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.919 [0.517, 1.590] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.383 [0.212, 0.707] g/100g; Selenium = 24.7 [12.2, 46.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.2 [7.3, 76.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.892 [0.629, 1.278] mg/100g (wet weight);
