Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 10 - 300 m (Ref. 28016), usually 10 - 120 m (Ref. 11441). Tropical; 29°N - 5°N, 56°E - 83°E (Ref. 5222)
Indian Ocean: continental shelf of the northern Indian Ocean from the Gulf of Aden to Sri Lanka and Madras, India. Not known from the Persian Gulf nor the Red Sea. Records from the western Pacific are based on misidentifications of Epinephelus stictus or Epinephelus fasciatomaculos.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 39.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 11; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 15-17; خارهاي باله مخرجي 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8
Occurs over muddy sand or mud substrata and caught in depths of 63 to 100 m off the Kerala coast.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
اطلاعات بيشتر
مراجعآبزي پرورينمايه آبزي پرورينژادهاژنتيكElectrophoresesوارثبيماري هافرآوریNutrientsMass conversion
همكارانعکس هاStamps, Coins Misc.صداهاسيگواتراسرعتنوع شناگریمنطقه آبششيOtolithsمغزهابینایی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 280 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00942 - 0.01277), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.21-0.86; Fec=4,165).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 97.8 [43.3, 230.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.49, 2.64] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.3, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.127, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 88.2 [41.0, 208.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.5 [6.8, 121.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.71, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);
