Epinephelus bleekeri, Duskytail grouper : fisheries, aquaculture

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Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878)

Duskytail grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus bleekeri   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Vaillant.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 30 - 105 m (Ref. 89707). 熱帶; 36°N - 17°S, 48°E - 153°E

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Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Taiwan, Indonesia and the northern coast of Australia. Not known from Japan, but may occur here. It has not been found at any islands of Micronesia nor Polynesia.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到台灣, 印尼與澳洲的北海岸。 已知不來自日本, 但是可能在這裡出現。 它有不被發現於密克羅尼西亞及玻利尼西亞的任何島。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 36.0, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2852)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 16-18; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. Recognized by the bluish lower half of the caudal fin and the lack of spots there compared to the upper half (Ref. 48635); characterized further by: generally brown color; head, body and fins with red to dark brown spots; body scales ctenoid, except cycloid scales on nape, thorax and ventrally on abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; elongate body, greatest depth 3.0-3.5 in SL; truncate to slightly rounded caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.7 times in standard length; interorbital area flat to slightly convex; preopercle angle with 2-9 enlarged serrae, adults with a notch above angle; straight upper edge of operculum; scaly maxilla, reaching to or beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of subequal teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 089707).
在那裡辨識特徵為尾鰭的藍色下半部與缺乏斑點相較於上半部。 (參考文獻 48635)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Occur on shallow banks, but is not known from well-developed coral reefs (Ref. 27253) and adjacent soft substrate in depths of 30-105 m (Ref. 089707). Also found in silty coastal reefs and estuaries. Solitary (Ref 90102). Benthic (Ref. 75154). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Usually taken by trawling in 30-45 m or by hand-lining over rocky banks; not found from coral reefs (Ref. 11441).

生活於淺灘淺堆, 但是不知道是否來自發展良好的珊瑚礁。 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253) 通常在 30-45 公尺中採自了拖網或者在岩石淺灘上用手釣線捕獲; 不從珊瑚礁發現.(參考文獻 11441)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到台灣, 印尼與澳洲的北海岸。 已知不來自日本, 但是可能在這裡出現。 它有不被發現於密克羅尼西亞及玻利尼西亞的任何島。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  資料不足 (DD) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.2 - 28.4, mean 27.4 °C (based on 472 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00798 - 0.01986), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 8.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 63.8 [27.4, 146.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.814 [0.386, 1.864] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.191 [0.099, 0.351] g/100g; Selenium = 65.2 [30.8, 150.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.3 [10.7, 180.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.21 [0.77, 1.97] mg/100g (wet weight);