Epinephelus areolatus, Areolate grouper : fisheries, aquaculture

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Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775)

Areolate grouper
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Epinephelus areolatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin récifal; profondeur 6 - 200 m (Ref. 2334). Tropical; 35°N - 33°S, 29°E - 180°E (Ref. 5222)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Natal, South Africa and east to Fiji, north to Japan, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Appears to be absent from Micronesia, Polynesia, and most islands of the western Indian Ocean. Often confused with Epinephelus chlorostigma.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm 20.0, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 27266); common length : 35.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5450); poids max. publié: 1.4 kg (Ref. 27266); âge max. reporté: 15 années (Ref. 27352)

Description synthétique Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total): 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 15-17; Épines anales 3; Rayons mous anaux: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.3 in SL (for specimens 14-31 cm SL); head length 2.4-2.8 in SL; D XI,15-17; pectoral rays 17-19 (usually 17-18); body scales ctenoid, cycloid scales on thorax and ventrally on abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; anal fin of adults rounded to slightly angular, longest soft ray 2.0-2.6 in HL; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 14-16; pyloric caeca 11-17; preopercle with 2-7 enlarged serrae at the angle; upper edge of operculum straight or slightly convex; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2 rows of teeth; lateral-line scales 49-53; caudal fin slightly convex in juveniles, truncate or slightly emarginate in adults. Colour of head, body, and fins pale, covered with numerous close-set brown, brownish yellow or greenish yellow spots (becoming smaller and increase in number as growth increases), the largest about size of pupil, those on front of head smaller than those on operculum; pectoral fins pale, with small dark spots on the rays; posterior edge of caudal fin with a distinct white margin (Ref. 39231, 90102).

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

Usually found in seagrass beds or on fine sediment bottoms near rocky reefs, dead coral, or alcyonarians (Ref. 5222), in shallow continental shelf waters (Ref. 27353). Juveniles are common at water depths to 80 m (Ref. 6390). Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feed on fish and benthic invertebrates, primarily prawns and crabs (Ref. 4787, 27354). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, and trawls; common in the markets of Hong Kong, Singapore and probably throughout its range (Ref. 39231).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Harmless





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; Aquaculture: commercial
FAO - Aquaculture: production; pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Noms communs
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Écotoxicologie
Reproduction
Maturité
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Fécondité
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.4 - 28.4, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00828 - 0.01667), b=3.05 (2.95 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.31; tm=2; tmax=25; Fec = 22,128).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 25.8 [12.1, 55.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.471 [0.250, 0.945] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.134 [0.085, 0.211] g/100g; Selenium = 43 [25, 75] μg/100g; VitaminA = 209 [60, 730] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.38 [0.96, 1.91] mg/100g (wet weight);