Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Tầng nổi biển sâu; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 300 - 1441 m (Ref. 58426). Deep-water; 79°N - 41°N, 67°W - 35°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norwegian Sea from Lofoten Island northward to the western and northern coasts of Spitsbergen; southern part of the Barents Sea rarely to 35°E , on the Iceland-Faroes Ridge, Iceland and Greenland. Western Atlantic: Baffin Bay to Nova Scotia in Canada (Ref. 7251).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 43.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 77.5 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 106276); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 75 các năm (Ref. 45673)
Inhabit deep waters (Ref. 4570). Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Bear live young. Gregarious throughout life. Feed on euphausiids, hyperiids, cephalopods, chaetognaths and small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 4570). Longevity was determined from isotope ratios and given as at least 65 years in general and at least 75 years in the waters off Nova Scotia (Ref. 45673).
Ovoviviparous.
Hureau, J.-C. and N.I. Litvinenko, 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 1211-1229. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol 3. (Ref. 4570)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.4 - 6.6, mean 3.6 °C (based on 151 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00513 - 0.01411), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 14.1 (10.3 - 18.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (K=0.05-0.10; tm=10-13).
Prior r = 0.18, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.29, Based on 8 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.1 [5.8, 36.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.194 [0.085, 0.601] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.359 [0.105, 1.161] g/100g; Selenium = 43.1 [16.9, 112.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.8 [4.6, 255.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.311 [0.186, 0.705] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
