Issue
This species is synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Nov. 2020: Ref. 86697) following Thomson (1997) and Whitfield et al. (2012). More studies are needed, or please send reference.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale. Tropical
Southeast Pacific: known only from the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 11482)
Form schools over sandy bottoms. Fees mainly on detritus and algae, but also on insects, fish eggs, and plankton. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson, 1994. Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 332 p. (Ref. 11482)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Informazioni ulteriori
Nomi ComuniSinonimiMetabolismoPredatoriEcotossicologiaRiproduzioneMaturitàDeposizioneSpawning aggregationFecundityUovaEgg development
Age/Size
Accrescimento
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morfometria
Morfologia
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
BRUVS
BibliografiaAcquacolturaProfilo di acquacolturaVarietàGeneticaElectrophoresesEreditarietàMalattieElaborazioneNutrientsMass conversion
CollaboratoriImmaginiStamps, Coins Misc.SuoniCiguateraVelocitàModalità di nuotoArea branchialeOtolithsCervelliVista
Strumenti
Special reports
Download XML
Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00528 - 0.02495), b=2.95 (2.78 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 334 [124, 1,024] mg/100g; Iron = 2.7 [0.5, 13.3] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.2, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.333 [0.139, 0.766] g/100g; Selenium = 112 [37, 422] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.5 [4.7, 68.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.41 [1.21, 5.71] mg/100g (wet weight);