分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Cichlinae
Etymology: Cichla: Greek, kichle = wrasse (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 5 - ? m. 熱帶; 24°C - 27°C (Ref. 2060); 26°N - 9°S
South America: Marowijne drainage in Suriname and French Guiana to the Essequibo drainage in Guyana.
南美洲: 蘇利南與在蓋亞那的法屬圭亞那到 Essequibo 流域的 Marowijne 流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 32 - ? cm
Max length : 74.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 6.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of Cichla except C. nigromaculata, C. intermedia, C. piquiti, and C. melaniae, by presence of bars 1a and 2a. Lateral band abbreviated in juveniles. Distinguished from its congeners with abbreviated lateral band by lateral line usually continuous (vs. discontinuous or nearly always discontinuous in orinocensis and nigromaculata; scales in E1 row (67-) 70-80 (-82) (vs. 84-93 in pleiozona); occipital bar absent or indistinct (vs. emphasized in adults of monoculus, kelberi, and pleiozona); abdominal blotches present (vs. absent in orinocensis); vertical bars present at adult size (vs. three midlateral ocellated blotches in orinocensis), except that an ocellated blotch consistently formed in dorsal portion of bar 3; absence of small black blotches on dorsum (vs. present in nigromaculata); vertical bars about equally wide across side (vs. wide, occasionally confluent dorsally, and tapering ventrad in nigromaculata, monoculus, kelberi, and pleiozona. Distinguished from C. intermedia, C. piquiti, and C. melaniae by abbreviated vs. complete juvenile lateral band, less scales in E1 row (67-82 vs. (78) 83-108), and presence of ocellated blotch in dorsal portion of bar 3 vs. absence (Ref. 57716).
鑑別。 除了 C. nigromaculata ， C. 媒介物 ， C. piquiti 以外與所有的其他種的 Cichla 區分, 與 C. melaniae, 被有橫帶 1 一與 2 一。 側面的條紋在稚魚中縮寫。 用側線的小型側面的條紋通常與它的同類區分了連續的 (vs. 不連續的或幾乎總是不連續的在 orinocensis 與 nigromaculata 中; 在 E1 列 (67-)70-80(-82) 的鱗片;(vs.84-93 在 pleiozona 中) 後頭骨橫帶不存在或不明顯的;(vs. 強調當成魚時 monoculus ， kelberi 與 pleiozona) 腹部的斑塊呈現;(vs. 不存在於 orinocensis) 縱帶出現在成魚大小 (vs. 三個側面中央的眼狀斑塊在 orinocensis 中), 除一個眼狀的斑塊一致地在橫帶 3 的背部部分中形成了; 在背面上缺乏小的黑色斑塊;(vs. 出現在 nigromaculata) 縱帶大約寬度一樣的越過側邊 (vs. 寬的, 偶然匯合背面, 與在 nigromaculata ， monoculus ， kelberi 與 pleiozona 中的尖端細的 ventrad. vs. 完全的幼年側面的條紋被縮寫與 C. 媒介物 ， C. piquiti 與 C. melaniae 區分了, 在 E1 列 (67-82 vs.(78)83-108) 的比較少的鱗片, 而且在橫帶 3 和缺乏比較的背部部分中有眼狀的斑塊.(參考文獻 57716)
描述: 基本上出現黃色的有一個深綠色的背面與白色的腹面; 眼淡紅的有一些部分向下延伸到身體側面的深色的垂直條紋; 在後頸上雄性有突出的隆起; 在尾部上明顯的黑色 " 眼斑 ", 從那一個魚有了它的名稱.(參考文獻 44091)
Occurs in the rapids, in quiet waters with medium depth and rocky substrates (Ref. 35237). Forms schools (Ref. 9086). Feeds only on small fish, especially threadfin shad, mosquito fish, tilapia and bluegill. Not considered ideal for aquaculture due to its highly predatory habits (Ref. 1739). Reproduction occurs year-round, with a peak at the start of the rainy season. About 9,000 to 15,000 eggs per kg are released during spawning. Spawning takes place every two months on a flat stone in shallow water. The sticky eggs, measuring 1.4 mm in diameter, take 78 hours to hatch at 28°C.
形成魚群。 (參考文獻 9086) 出現於急流, 在安靜的水域中和中等的深度與岩石的底部.(參考文獻 35237) 只吃小魚, 尤其 threadfin 非魚類，蚊子魚，吳郭魚與淺藍色大太陽魚。 因為水產業由於它的高度掠食性習慣，不被認為是理想。 (參考文獻 1739) 繁殖全年, 具有一個高峰在那雨季的初始。 大約每公斤 9,000 到 15,000個卵在產卵的時候被釋放。 每個二個月產卵在淺水區中的一塊平坦的石頭上發生。 黏性卵, 測量 1.4 mm 直徑, 花 78 小時在 28個 ° C. 孵化
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning, with rare exceptions, takes place on a flat, horizontal surface which is either bare to begin with, or cleared of algae or other vegetation during the spawning activities. The female moves forward laying a single row of eggs and the male follows exuding sperm over each row. Once the eggs have hatched, the parents transport the larvae in their mouths to one of the depression nests.南美洲: 蘇利南與在蓋亞那的法屬圭亞那到 Essequibo 流域的 Marowijne 流域。
Kullander, S.O. and H. Nijssen, 1989. The cichlids of Surinam: Teleostei, Labroidei. E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. 256 p. (Ref. 26372)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 November 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00688 - 0.02412), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Assuming tm=1; multiple spawning per year; Fec=9,000-15,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
