分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 15 - 400 m, usually 30 - 250 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 62°N - 15°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (occasionally Norway) to Mauritania (including Madeira and Azores); throughout the Mediterranean (Ref. 3687); and Black Sea (Ref. 57855, 58342).
東大西洋: 英國人使到茅利塔尼亞 (包括馬得拉群島與亞速群島) 成為島嶼 (偶然地挪威) 。 (包括馬得拉群島與亞速群島) 也知道在地中海各處與可能地在黑海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 26.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 115876); common length : 27.6 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3294); common length :20.4 cm FL (female); 最大年龄: 21 年 (Ref. 26811)
背棘 (总数): 9 - 10; 背的软条 (总数): 17-18; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 18. Head large, without deep occipital groove. First dorsal spine serrate anteriorly, second spine not elongate. Lateral line scales plate-like expanded vertically. Breast and anterior part of belly without scales. Vertebrae 36-37 (13-14 precaudal and 22-23 caudal). Pectoral fin with last 3 rays free. Snout steep, prolonged forward by a denticulated and bilobed flattened rostrum.
头部大的, 没有深的后头骨的凹槽。 第一背鳍棘锯齿状的前面地，第二个棘不延长。 侧线鳞片板状的垂直地扩大。 胸部与腹面的前部没有鳞片。 脊椎骨 36-37.(13-14个尾前椎与 22-23 尾部的) 最后胸鳍有 3个鳍条自由。 吻陡峭的, 延长向前地被一有小齿状突的与分成两叶的平喙。
Occasionally forms schools. Found over sand and gravel, crag, and rocks in the continental shelf (Ref. 2723). Feeds on benthic crustaceans, other invertebrates and bottom-dwelling fishes (Ref.4697).
偶然地形成鱼群。 在大陆架发现在沙与碎石，峭壁与岩石上了。 (参考文献 2723) 吃底栖的甲壳动物，其他的无脊椎动物与底栖的鱼。 (参考文献 4697)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 英國人使到茅利塔尼亞 (包括馬得拉群島與亞速群島) 成為島嶼 (偶然地挪威) 。 (包括馬得拉群島與亞速群島) 也知道在地中海各處與可能地在黑海。
Richards, W.J. and V.P. Saksena, 1990. Triglidae. p. 680-684. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3687)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 15.8, mean 10.1 °C (based on 667 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00661 - 0.00955), b=3.05 (3.00 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.0 (2.4 - 4.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.64 - 1.47, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30 [18, 63] mg/100g; Iron = 0.36 [0.20, 0.67] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.964 [0.449, 2.684] g/100g; Selenium = 20.6 [11.3, 47.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.5 [3.5, 29.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.328, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight);
