Elagatis bipinnulata, Rainbow runner : fisheries, gamefish

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Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)

Rainbow runner
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Elagatis bipinnulata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Elagatis bipinnulata (Rainbow runner)
Elagatis bipinnulata
Picture by Freitas, R.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Naucratinae
Etymology: Elagatis: Greek, elakate, -es = distaff, cane (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 150 m (Ref. 9710), usually 2 - 10 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 44°N - 41°S, 180°W - 180°E

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Atlantic: off Genoa, Italy in the Mediterranean (Ref. 4233) and from Côte d'Ivoire to Angola (Ref. 7097). Throughout the Indo-Pacific (Ref. 37816), but rare or absent in the Persian Gulf (Ref. 3287). Eastern Pacific: mouth of Gulf of California to Ecuador; including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9283).

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 64.6  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 26340); common length : 90.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 46.2 kg (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Alter: 6 Jahre (Ref. 96992)

Kurzbeschreibung Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 7; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 25-30; Afterflossenstacheln 2; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 18 - 22; Wirbelzahl: 24. This species is distinguished by the following characters: the upper jaw ending distinctly before eye (and to below anterior margin of eye in young); dorsal fin with a detached terminal 2-rayed finlet; anal fin with a slightly detached spine from the rest of fin and covered by skin in fish of larger sizes, then followed by a second spine continuous with the 18-22 soft rays, including a detached 2-rayed finlet. Colour dark olive-blue or green dorsally and on side, white ventrally with 2 narrow light blue or bluish white stripes along sides and a broader olive or yellowish stripe between them; fins olive or yellowish (Ref. 9894,90102).

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Adults are found in oceanic and coastal waters, generally near the surface over reefs or sometimes far from the coast often around floating logs or other debris (Ref. 9283, 11230, 48635, 90102). May form large schools (Ref. 9283, 48635). They feed on invertebrates, mainly on larger crustaceans of the zooplankton, and small fishes (Ref. 9283, 26145). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Good food fish (Ref. 9626) and a valued game fish (Ref. 26938); marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283); also frozen and used for sashimi (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Partner

Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3197)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
FAO - Fischereien: landings, Artbeschreibung; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.8 - 28.8, mean 27.5 °C (based on 5152 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00584 - 0.01711), b=2.85 (2.70 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tmax=6; K=0.6 is doubtful).
Prior r = 0.58, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 16.7 [7.8, 29.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.361, 1.202] mg/100g; Protein = 20.8 [19.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.214 [0.129, 0.359] g/100g; Selenium = 26.7 [13.8, 50.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26 [9, 73] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.384 [0.262, 0.578] mg/100g (wet weight);