分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Micropterus: Greek, mikros = small + Greek,pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335); salmoides: salmoides meaning trout-like (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - ?; 深度上下限 0 - 6 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 10°C - 32°C (Ref. 12741); 46°N - 24°N, 125°W - 65°W (Ref. 89798)
North America: St. Lawrence - Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from southern Quebec to Minnesota and south to Gulf; Atlantic and Gulf drainages from North Carolina to Florida and to northern Mexico. The species has been introduced widely as a game fish and is now cosmopolitan. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣 (紅河) 與密西西比河流域; 來自北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達與到墨西哥北部的大西洋的流域。 此魚種已經廣泛地被引入作為一個遊釣魚類而且是現在世界的。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 10.1 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 23 年 (Ref. 46974)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 11-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 30 - 32.
嘴大的; 颚的延伸超过眼。 腹鳍不被一个薄膜连结了。 绿色到橄榄色背面, 乳白色到黄色的腹地, 具有一个从鳃盖到尾鳍基底延续的黑色的条纹。 尾鳍圆的。 尾鳍有 17个鳍条。 (参考文献 2196)
Inhabit lakes, ponds, swamps, and backwaters and pools of creeks, and small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Usually found over mud or sand and common in impoundments (Ref. 5723). They prefer quiet, clear water and over-grown banks. Adults feed on fishes, crayfish and frogs; young feed on crustaceans, insects and small fishes. Sometimes cannibalistic. They don't feed during spawning; as well as when the water temperature is below 5°C and above 37°C (Ref. 30578). Builds nest at 25 mm-203 mm deep (Ref. 1998). An introduced species in Europe reported to avoid fast-flowing waters and to occur in estuaries with a salinity up to 13 ppt (Ref. 59043). Popular game fish in North America. Preyed upon by herons, bitterns, and kingfishers (Ref. 1998). Excellent food fish (Ref. 1998).
栖息于清澈的, 长满植物的湖泊，池塘，沼泽。 也在小溪的洄水区与水池与河中.(参考文献 5723) 偏爱安静，清澈的水域与生长过度的浅堆。 成鱼吃鱼，小龙虾与青蛙; 幼鱼捕食甲壳动物，昆虫与小鱼。 有时同类相食的。 在产卵的时候不进食; 以及当水温在 5 °C 与上方 37 °C 之下的时候.(参考文献 30578) 在北美洲的受欢迎的游钓鱼类。 被苍鹭，鹭鸶与鱼狗捕食了。 (参考文献 1998) 优良的食用鱼.(参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The male which becomes aggressive and territorial builds the nest on muddy bottoms of shallow water. A female may spawn with several males on different nests. The male guards and fans the eggs for about 29 days (Ref. 93240). Spawning takes place spring to summer or when temperature reaches 15°C. Adults mate between the age of 5-12 years (Ref. 11243). Also Ref, 88808).北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣 (紅河) 與密西西比河流域; 來自北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達與到墨西哥北部的大西洋的流域。 此魚種已經廣泛地被引入作為一個遊釣魚類而且是現在世界的。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00903 - 0.01214), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.2 (4.6 - 6.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 41
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.14; tm=3-5; tmax=16; Fec=2,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.3 [15.6, 73.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.919 [0.527, 1.527] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.481 [0.197, 1.182] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [11.5, 68.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.5 [6.5, 59.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.852 [0.603, 1.246] mg/100g (wet weight);
