分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Osmeridae (Smelts)
Etymology: thaleichthys: thaleichthys meaning rich fish - referring to a high oil content (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 137 m (Ref. 6885). 溫帶; 61°N - 38°N (Ref. 26213)
North Pacific: Prince William Sound, Alaska to Monterey Bay, California, USA. Landlocked in Washington and Union Lakes in Washington, USA.
北太平洋: 聲音威廉王子，阿拉斯加到蒙德勒海灣，美國加州。 陸封的在美國在華盛頓州的華盛頓與聯盟湖。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 9.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27547); common length : 15.0 cm NG 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27547); 最大年龄: 3.00 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 8-10; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 15 - 19; 脊椎骨: 55 - 61. Distinguished by its long upper jaw, which reaches at least below the middle of the eye in adults; the fine teeth in a single row on the vomer and palatine bones; and the 38 to 47 gill rakers on the 1st arch (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers long; lateral line incomplete and reaching not quite to below dorsal fin (Ref. 27547). Breeding males have tubercles on upper sides of paired fins (Ref. 27547). Pale olive brown dorsally, silvery white on sides and ventral surfaces; fins usually stripped along the rays, but inter-ray membranes clear;. Young are translucent with 2 rows of large black spots, on each side of the midline of the back, from head to caudal peduncle; peritoneum silver with light speckling. Spawning males with moss-green backs, and dense, black speckling on the head and dorsal surface of the body. The peritoneum is silvery with black speckling.
区别的特徵为它的长上颌了, 至少达到眼的中央下面当成鱼时; 细齿在犁骨与颚骨上形成一列; 而且在第一上的这 38 到 47个鳃耙成弓形弯曲.(参考文献 27547) 鳃耙长的; 侧线不完全的而且不完全达到到在背鳍之下.(参考文献 27547) 繁殖期的雄性在偶鳍的上侧面上有小瘤。 (参考文献 27547) 灰白的黄褐色的背面, 银白色在侧边与腹面上; 通常被长条的鳍沿着鳍条, 但是在鳍条之间的薄膜清澈的;. 在背部的中线的两边上，幼鱼半透明的有 2 列的大黑色斑点, 从头部到尾柄; 腹膜银色的有淡色的斑点。 生育期的雄鱼有黄绿色背面 , 与在头部与身体的背面上的密集又黑色的斑点。 腹膜是银色的有黑色的斑点。
Found close to shore, in bays and estuaries and ascends coastal streams to spawn (Ref. 5723). There are landlocked populations (Ref. 5723) but these do not reach as great a size as sea-run fish (Ref. 27547). Anadromous (Ref. 96339). Individuals found in brackish and salt water feed on small crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Fish from the sea are reported to have good flavor, but supply is limited (Ref. 6885). Often abundant during the spawning run, but flesh reported to be soft and oily, easily spoiling (Ref. 1998).
发现接近海岸, 在海湾与河口中而且上溯到海岸的溪流到产卵.(参考文献 5723) 有陆封的族群 (参考文献 5723) ，但是这些不达到像海洋回游的鱼一样大。 (参考文献 27547) 个体发现于半咸淡水了，而且咸水吃小型甲壳动物。 (参考文献 1998) 捕食海洋被报告有好滋味, 但是供应量有限.(参考文献 6885) 时常丰富的在产卵回游的时候, 但是报告的肉很软与多油, 容易地腐败.(参考文献 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Although most individuals die after spawning, some females apparently survive to age 3. It is not known whether or not these 3-year-olds spawned previously (Ref. 27547).北太平洋: 聲音威廉王子，阿拉斯加到蒙德勒海灣，美國加州。 陸封的在美國在華盛頓州的華盛頓與聯盟湖。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.4 - 11.6, mean 8.4 °C (based on 196 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00182 - 0.00758), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=3; K=0.43; Fec=535).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
