分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Freshwater smelts) >
Osmeridae (Smelts)
胡瓜魚科 (Smelts)
Etymology: Hypomesus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek,mesos = a half (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 33312); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 5723). 北方生物帶; 71°N - 55°N
Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Pacific: drainages from Rae River (Coronation Gulf) and Great Bear Lake in Northwest Territories, Canada to Copper River in Alaska (Ref. 33312). Also rivers, estuaries and coastal waters of European and Siberian shores of Artic Ocean, from Kara drainage to Chukotka in eastern Siberia and to Korea and Hokkaido in Japan (Ref. 59043).
北極圈, 東北太平洋的西北: 來自 Rae 河 (加冕禮灣) 的流域與大的有到在阿拉斯加州的銅河的在加拿大西北地區的湖。 也在日本，朝鮮半島與西伯利亞的北海道.(參考文獻 559)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 10.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 11.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 50.00 g (Ref. 56527); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 72499)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 8-11; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 17; 脊椎骨: 52 - 56. Vomer without posterior process; periphery of glossohyal bone with single row of conical teeth, another row of smaller teeth in center; pyloric caeca 2 (1-5); base of adipose fin more than 20% of head length; adipose eyelid absent.
沒有在後部的突起的犛骨; 上舌骨的外圍有單列的錐形齒 , 中心的較小的齒的另列; 幽門的盲腸 2;(1-5) 脂鰭超過 20% 的頭長基底; 脂眼瞼不存在。
Inhabits brackish water of estuaries, lagoons, coastal waters of open sea, freshwater of lowland and piedmont rivers and lakes (Ref. 59043). Found in the middle and surface waters of ponds, lakes, and streams over a variety of bottom types (Ref. 5723, 86798). The species is basically anadromous, ascending rivers to spawn in spring (Ref. 33312). The anadromous populations are pelagic at the sea, commonly at 4-5 m depth and spawn in rivers. Landlocked populations may spawn in lakes or undertake migration to their tributaries. Spawns along shallow river shores and in backwaters with little or no current, often in lakes, on sand or gravel bottom (Ref. 59043). Within a specific lake or pond, adults are generally found in inshore spawning areas in spring and early summer, later moving offshore (Ref. 27547). Feeds on zooplankton, insects and algae (Ref. 28680, 28681). Only a few survive beyond age 3 (Ref. 27547).
發現於池塘，湖泊與溪流的中央與地表水了, 超過多種底部型態。 (參考文獻 5723) 進入半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 5723) 此魚種基本上溯河洄游產卵, 溯溪產卵於春天中.(參考文獻 33312) 在一個特定的湖或池塘裡面，成魚是通常發現於的沿海地區產卵區在春天與初夏，比較遲的移動外海。 (參考文獻 27547) 吃浮游動物，昆蟲與藻類。 (參考文獻 28680,28681) 只有一些存活超過 3 歲.(參考文獻 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北極圈, 東北太平洋的西北: 來自 Rae 河 (加冕禮灣) 的流域與大的有到在阿拉斯加州的銅河的在加拿大西北地區的湖。 也在日本，朝鮮半島與西伯利亞的北海道.(參考文獻 559)
Saruwatari, T., J.A. López and T.W. Pietsch, 1997. A revision of the ormerid genus Hypomesus Gill (Teleostei: Salmoniformes), with a description of a new species from the southern Kuril Islands. Species Diversity 2:59-82. (Ref. 33312)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 February 2012
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00249 - 0.00637), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
