分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Osmeridae (Smelts)
Etymology: Osmerus: Greek, osme = odorous; similar to freshly cut cucumbers (Ref. 45335); mordax: mordax meaning biting (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 425 m (Ref. 58426), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 96339). 溫帶; 6°C - 18°C (Ref. 1998); 73°N - 41°N, 167°W - 53°W (Ref. 86798)
North Atlantic: Atlantic drainages from Lake Melville in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to Delaware River in Pennsylvania, USA and west through Great lakes. Arctic and Pacific drainages from Bathurst Inlet, Northwest Territories to Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Also Pacific drainages of Asia.
北大西洋: 湖梅爾維爾, 拉布拉多在加拿大對德拉瓦河，賓州,(也許到維吉尼亞), 與在內陸沿著聖徒勞倫斯河對秀克必李耳湖。 西北太平洋: 外海的俄國.(參考文獻 26334)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 19.5 range ? - 19.8 cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1998); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 52222)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 8; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 16; 脊椎骨: 58 - 70. Body elongate, laterally compressed, greatest depth at anterior of dorsal fin origin. Head moderate; eye moderately large; snout elongate, pointed. Mouth large; lower jaw protruding, maxillary extending to middle of eye or beyond, well toothed on vomer, palatine, pterygoid, basibranchial, dentary, maxillary, and tongue. Teeth specially enlarged on tongue and front of vomer. Body color is pale green on back, with purple, blue, and pink iridescent reflections on the side when freshly caught.
细长的身体, 侧扁的, 最大的高度在前面的背鳍起点。 头部中等的; 眼普通大的; 吻延长, 尖的。 嘴大的; 下颌凸出, 上颌骨延伸至眼的中央或者超过, 在犁骨上有相当多齿的, 上颚的，翼状的, 基鳃骨，齿骨，上颌骨与舌。 齿特别地在舌与犁骨的前面上增大了。 体色是灰绿色背面, 藉由紫色的，蓝色的，与粉红的彩虹色的反光侧边上当新捕捉。
Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Inhabits cool clear lakes, medium to large rivers, and coastal waters (Ref. 86798). A schooling species that occurs in midwater of lakes or inshore coastal waters (Ref. 1998); at temperatures ranging from 7.2-15.6°C. Coastal population are anadromous (Ref, 86798). Migrates up to 1,000 km upstream in rivers (Ref. 6793). Occurs possibly to 425 m (Ref. 2851). Feeds on invertebrates such as amphipods, ostracods, aquatic insect larvae and aquatic worms (Ref. 1998); food also include copepods, euphausiids, mysids and small fishes (silversides, mummichogs and herring) (Ref. 5951, 10294). Headed, gutted, sold fresh, frozen and precooked. Eaten sautéed and fried (Ref. 9988).
一个群游性鱼种出现于湖或沿海地区沿岸水域的中层水域中;(参考文献 1998) 温度范围从 7.2-15.6个 ° C. 在河中向上回游到 1,000个公里上游。 (参考文献 6793) 可能地对 425 公尺生存。 (参考文献 2851) 吃无脊椎动物例如片脚类动物, 介形虫，水生的昆虫幼生与水生的蠕虫.(参考文献 1998) 带领, 肠道, 卖了生鲜地, 冻结而且预煮。 吃煎炒而且油炸.(参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning runs occur when temperature is between 8.9-18.3°C, may last for 3 weeks, peak for 1 week. Lengths of both sexes decrease as spawning progress. Two or more tuberculated males maintain position against a female in swift water, eggs released in clusters and presumably milt released simultaneously. Spawning usually takes place at night, spawners move downstream to the lake during daytime. 北大西洋: 湖梅爾維爾, 拉布拉多在加拿大對德拉瓦河，賓州,(也許到維吉尼亞), 與在內陸沿著聖徒勞倫斯河對秀克必李耳湖。 西北太平洋: 外海的俄國.(參考文獻 26334)
Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke, 2011. Biodiversity oif the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.2 - 6.9, mean 2.7 °C (based on 724 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00328 - 0.00506), b=3.15 (3.08 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.31; tm=2-6; tmax=6; Fec=8,500).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.1 [21.0, 119.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.477 [0.226, 1.202] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [14.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.853 [0.430, 1.777] g/100g; Selenium = 14.5 [6.4, 42.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14 [4, 47] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.827 [0.530, 1.309] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
