分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pagrus: Greek, pagros = a fish, Dentex, sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 250 m (Ref. 3688), usually 10 - 80 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 51°N - 43°S, 98°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Strait of Gibraltar to 15°N (rare southward 20°N), including Madeira and the Canary Islands; Mediterranean and northward to the British Isles. Western Atlantic: New York, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Argentina (Ref. 7251), including the continental coast of the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626).
東大西洋: 對 15 ° N(稀有的在南方的 20 ° N) 的直布羅陀海峽, 包括馬得拉群島與加納利群島; 地中海的而且向北至不列顛群島。 西大西洋: 美國的紐約州與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷 (參考文獻 7251), 包括加勒比海的大陸沿岸.(參考文獻 9626)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 26.6, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4781); 最大体重: 7.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 26 年 (Ref. 123644)
This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oval, moderately deep. Head profile convex, slightly steeper in front of eye; 6 or 7 rows of scales on cheeks; preopercle scaleless; both jaws anteriorly with large canine-like teeth, 4 in upper and 6 in lower jaw, followed by smaller and blunter canine-like teeth that become progressively molar-like toward the posterior third of jaws; the 2 outer rows of strong teeth are flanked in the region anterior to the molars by several rows of very small teeth; gill rakers short, lower limb of first arch with 8 to 10, 6 to 8 on upper limb. Dorsal fin with 12 spines and 9 to 12 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays. Scales along lateral line 52 to 60. Colour: pink with silvery reflections, lighter on belly; head dark from nape to angle of mouth; sometimes, fine blue dots present on upper sides, particularly conspicuous in young individuals; often a somewhat darker area at pectoral fin axils; caudal fin dark pink, with both tips white; other fins pinkish (Ref. 109259).
略带桃色的银色在大约身体的上半部上的每个鳞片上有一个不明显的黄斑, 这些斑点提供黄色-有斑纹的效果; 横过眼间骨与一些黄色的吻与上嘴唇的一片黄色的楔子; 背鳍、尾鳍与胸鳍粉红色 (参考文献 13442)
Found over rock, rubble, or sand bottoms (young frequently found on seagrass beds and the continental shelf (Ref. 47377)) down to about 250 m depth, often above 150 m. In southwest Brazil found in 160 m depth (Ref. 47377). Feeds on crustaceans, fishes, and mollusks (Ref. 3688). Its toxic nature is uncertain (Ref. 4690). Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987). Reported weights of caught individuals were between 9 to 17 kgs (9-10 off the west coast of Greece) (Hans Bollnert, hassebollnert@yahoo.gr, pers.comm. 12/09). It is parasitised by the monogeneans Anoplodiscus longivaginatus and Anoplodiscus richiardii (species inquirenda) on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
发现在岩石，碎石或砂质底部 (幼鱼时常发现于海草床与大陆棚 (参考文献 47377)) 向下至大约 250 公尺深上, 时常在 150 公尺之上。 吃甲壳动物，鱼与软件动物。 (参考文献 3688) 它的有毒自然不确定。 (参考文献 4690) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻.(参考文献 9987) 在巴西西南部发现于 160 公尺深。 (参考文献 47377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Protogynous hermaphrodite species. First sexual maturity occurs at 3 years of age (about 24 cm), first behaving as females and then as males. Spawning happens at 1 5-19° and it tends to be in spring,
depending on the habitat (in the Canary Islands it can start in January). Also Ref. 28504, 41163.東大西洋: 對 15 ° N(稀有的在南方的 20 ° N) 的直布羅陀海峽, 包括馬得拉群島與加納利群島; 地中海的而且向北至不列顛群島。 西大西洋: 美國的紐約州與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷 (參考文獻 7251), 包括加勒比海的大陸沿岸.(參考文獻 9626)
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.8 - 27.8, mean 24.1 °C (based on 1356 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.01197 - 0.01451), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.6 (5.1 - 10.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.27; tmax=11; tm=0.9-3.0).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.78, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.4 [18.0, 61.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [0, 2] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.3 [0.2, 0.5] g/100g; Selenium = 39.3 [18.2, 75.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.7 [4.2, 49.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.618 [0.326, 1.227] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
