Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; không di cư; Mức độ sâu 2 - 40 m (Ref. 10797). Subtropical; 46°N - 12°S, 32°W - 36°E
Mediterranean Sea: Eastern Atlantic: Along the coast of Portugal to the Gulf of Guinea (St. Thomas Island = São Tomé Island), may also reach Angola. Quoted mainly in the islands (Azores, Salvage, Canary, Annobon, etc.) than on the continent.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - 7.3 cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 10797); common length : 13.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 10797)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng): 14; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng): 9-11; Tia cứng vây hậu môn 2; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 9 - 11
Adults form small shoals in midwater above or near rocky reefs or above seagrass meadows (Posidonia. They feed on small planktonic or benthic animals (Ref. 6760). Reproduce in summer (Ref. 6760). Eggs characterized by adhesive filaments are nested on rocky or sandy bottoms (Ref. 6760). Males guard the eggs (Ref. 6760).
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Breed on rocky or sandy bottoms (Ref. 6760). Males guard the eggs (Ref. 6760).
Loris, D. and J. Rucabado, 1990. Pomacentridae. p. 842-850. In J.C. Quéro, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 10797)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ; cá để chơi: đúng
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.2 - 27.8, mean 20.1 °C (based on 208 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00992 - 0.01598), b=2.94 (2.87 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.3 [16.4, 75.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.326, 0.937] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.8, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.227 [0.137, 0.370] g/100g; Selenium = 11.9 [5.9, 23.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 79.5 [27.3, 240.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.895 [0.583, 1.322] mg/100g (wet weight);
