分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 25 - 95 m (Ref. 9626), usually 40 - 70 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 20°C - 28°C; 42°N - 28°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55226)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda (Anderson, pers. comm.) to southeastern Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Most abundant around the Antilles, the Bahamas and off southern Florida.
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.) 對巴西東南方, 包括加勒比海與墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 9626) 最豐富的安地列斯群島, 巴哈馬與外海的佛羅里達南部的周圍。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 43.8, range 28 - 40 cm
Max length : 94.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 15.6 kg (Ref. 26340); 最大年齡: 29 年 (Ref. 46200)
背棘 (總數): 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins are long, reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Back and upper sides olive green, whitish with a red tinge on lower sides and belly. A black spot is on the upper back just above the lateral line and below the anterior dorsal fin rays. A pair of blue stripes runs on the snout-cheek region, the upper continuing behind eye to upper opercle edge.
前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤弱的。 胸鰭是長的, 達到肛門高度。 鱗片列背面斜向上升在側線上面。 背面與上側面橄欖綠色的, 在下側與腹面上微白色的具有一種紅色的淡色。 一個黑色的斑點在上背部上在側線以下前面的背鰭鰭條的正上方。 一對藍色的斑紋在吻部-頰的區域上跑, 上面的鰓蓋邊緣的上面眼後面續接。
Adults occur in continental shelf areas as well as clear waters around islands (Ref. 5217). Large adults usually among rocks and coral while juveniles occur over sandy, vegetated (usually Thalassia) bottoms (Ref. 5217). They form small aggregations which disband during the night (Ref. 55). Feed both day and night on fishes, shrimps, crabs, cephalopods, and gastropods (Ref. 55). Flesh considered good quality (Ref. 55). Marketed mainly fresh or frozen (Ref. 55). Traded as an aquarium fish at Clara, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
出現於大陸棚區域以及島的周圍清澈的水域.(參考文獻 5217) 大的成魚通常在岩石與珊瑚之中而稚魚遍及沙的﹐植物生長的 (通常 Thalassia) 底部出現.(參考文獻 5217) 形成小群集那一個解散夜晚時。 (參考文獻 55) 在魚，蝦，螃蟹，頭足類動物與腹足動物上為食不論白天或夜晚。 (參考文獻 55) 肉被認為是好品質。 (參考文獻 55) 主要地生鮮或冷凍在市場上銷售。 (參考文獻 55) 在克拉拉巴西作為一個水族館魚交易了。 (參考文獻 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.) 對巴西東南方, 包括加勒比海與墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 9626) 最豐富的安地列斯群島, 巴哈馬與外海的佛羅里達南部的周圍。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.3, mean 24.2 °C (based on 116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01249 - 0.01526), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.2 (6.5 - 10.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.25; tm=5.5; tmax=14).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.71, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [13.4, 30.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.272 [0.176, 0.416] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.4, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.132 [0.097, 0.176] g/100g; Selenium = 73.1 [47.5, 107.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 99.9 [18.4, 354.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.357, 0.594] mg/100g (wet weight);
