分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Phycidae (Phycid hakes)
褐鱈科 (Phycid hakes)
Etymology: Phycis: Taken from Greek, phykon = seaweed; because of the habits of this fish that lives hidden among them (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 1351 m (Ref. 104125), usually 100 - 450 m (Ref. 1371). 溫帶; 69°N - 20°N, 29°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland to Cape Blanc, West Africa; also the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 挪威與冰島到布朗角, 非洲西方部; 也地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Pelvic fin rays extremely elongated, reaching well beyond the origin of the anal fin. First dorsal fin with an elongate ray. Body color is brown to red-gray dorsally, becoming paler ventrally.
腹鰭鰭條非常地延長, 延伸到臀鰭起點後面。 第一背鰭有一個細長的鰭條。 體色是褐色到紅色-灰色背面, 腹側變成灰白。
Depth range from 10-800 m (Ref. 1371) and from 300-1047 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Found over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 1371). Young more coastal and found on the continental shelf while adults migrate along the slope (Ref. 1371). Feed mainly on crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 1371). Commonly less than 45 cm TL (Ref. 1371). Marketed fresh, also as fillets and fishmeal (Ref. 1371).
發現在沙與泥底部上了。 (參考文獻 1371) 幼魚更海岸的而且發現於大陸棚雖然成魚移動沿著斜坡.(參考文獻 1371) 主要吃甲殼動物和魚類。 (參考文獻 1371) 通常少於 45 cm TL 。 (參考文獻 1371) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 也如魚排與魚粉.(參考文獻 1371)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 挪威與冰島到布朗角, 非洲西方部; 也地中海。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.4 - 14.6, mean 9.1 °C (based on 672 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6255 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00393 - 0.00557), b=3.13 (3.08 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21; tmax=20).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.76, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.3 [7.7, 26.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.251 [0.143, 0.429] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.2, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.607 [0.312, 1.129] g/100g; Selenium = 30 [15, 57] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [3.1, 36.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.415 [0.291, 0.603] mg/100g (wet weight);
