Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور; تغييرات عمق 0 - 100 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), northern Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola, including the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 27000); common length : 70.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5217); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 1.8 kg (Ref. 57401)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 6; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 9; خارهاي باله مخرجي 2; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8. Diagnosis: 102-119 scales in lateral line; no chevrons on the flanks or, if present, not so well marked as in Sphyraena afra (Ref. 57401).
Occurs in shallow and generally turbid coastal water over muddy bottoms, often around river estuaries. Schooling species (Ref. 6949). Occasionally enters estuaries and brackish waters (Ref. 57401). Feeds on mainly on fishes belonging to the Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Lutjanidae and Synodontidae families and also on squid from the Loliginidae family (Ref. 9626). Maximum reported size: 71cm (Ref. 57401). Marketed fresh and salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
اطلاعات بيشتر
مراجعآبزي پرورينمايه آبزي پرورينژادهاژنتيكElectrophoresesوارثبيماري هافرآوریNutrientsMass conversion
همكارانعکس هاStamps, Coins Misc.صداهاسيگواتراسرعتنوع شناگریمنطقه آبششيOtolithsمغزهابینایی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.4 - 27.9, mean 25.1 °C (based on 752 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00507 - 0.01244), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.1 [7.1, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.505 [0.233, 1.049] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.7, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.093, 0.486] g/100g; Selenium = 26.1 [11.5, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.29 [1.11, 31.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.219, 0.563] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
