分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gobiiformes (Gobies)
鱸形目 (Gobies) >
Gobiidae (Gobies)
鰕虎魚科 (Gobies) > Gobiinae
Etymology: Neogobius: Greek, neos = new + Latin, gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 36771). 溫帶; 4°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 60°N - 36°N, 18°E - 58°E
Europe and Asia: Sea of Azov, Black Sea and Caspian basins. Adverse ecological impact after introduction have been reported by several countries. In 2004, this was accidentally introduced in North America with ballast water in ships (Ref. 59043).
歐洲: 亞速海, 黑海與里海的流域。 引入後的不利的生態衝擊曾經被一些國家報告。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 88073); 最大體重: 381.42 g (Ref. 88073); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 110985)
背棘 (總數): 7 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數): 12-17; 臀棘 1; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 14; 脊椎骨: 31 - 34. This species is distinguished from its congeners entering freshwater in Europe by the following characters: first branched ray of second dorsal about as long as penultimate ray; no scales on midline of nape, in front of preoperculum; pelvic-disc fraenum with small rounded lobes and the length is less than 1/6 of width at base; scales in midlateral series 45-54 + 2-3; a large black spot on the posterior part of first dorsal (Ref. 59043).
Prefer shallow, brackish waters but also occur in fresh waters (Ref. 36771); in lagoons and lakes, large rivers, harbors, on sand or rock bottom; mostly found on well vegetated or rock bottom (Ref. 59043). Can tolerate a temperature range of 0 to 30°C, but mainly thrive in warm
temperate waters; able to tolerate low oxygen content waters for several days (Ref. 36771). Oviparous, with demersal eggs (Ref. 36771). Longevity up to 4 years. Males reproduce for the first time at 3-4 years, females at 2-3 years. Spawning season in April to September; females may repeat spawning during a season, every 18-20 days; body of males entirely black during this season. Adhesive eggs deposited on stones, shells and aquatic plants; males guard eggs until hatching and usually die after spawning season. Egg clutches are supposed to be occasionally transported attached to the hull of ships, facilitating introduction to other areas. Feeds on a wide variety of invertebrates and small fish, mostly on molluscs (Ref. 59043). Due to its large size, it has a major commercial value in some areas, especially in Azov Sea. It is usually salted, dried and consumed with beer (Ref. 92840).
偏愛淺灘, 半鹹淡水域也出現在淡水.(參考文獻 36771) 活超過石頭; 在淡化的區域與河口中.(參考文獻 2058) 能容忍一個 0 到 30 °C 的溫差, 但是主要地在暖溫帶水域中繁榮.(參考文獻 36771) 能容忍低溶氧量水域長達好幾天.(參考文獻 36771) 卵生的，具有沉性卵.(參考文獻 36771) 雄性在產卵季節之後保護胚胎與稚魚而且死。 (參考文獻 36771)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Males protect embryos and juveniles (Ref. 36771). Males die after the spawning season (Ref. 36771).歐洲: 亞速海, 黑海與里海的流域。 引入後的不利的生態衝擊曾經被一些國家報告。
Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.1 - 16.4, mean 14.2 °C (based on 168 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00950 - 0.01325), b=3.04 (2.99 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-4; tmax=4; Fec=300).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
