Megalops atlanticus, Tarpon : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

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Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847

Tarpon
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Megalops atlanticus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Megalops atlanticus
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Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) > Megalopidae (Tarpons)
Etymology: Megalops: Greek, megas, megalos = great + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; eau douce; saumâtre récifal; amphidrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 40 m (Ref. 3789), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 42064). Subtropical; 10°C - 40°C (Ref. 93687); 49°N - 44°S, 99°W - 14°E (Ref. 55254)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Atlantic Ocean: from Nova Scotia, Bermuda and southward to Brazil in western Atlantic Ocean (Ref. 3234, 4446), where it it also found throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 26938); from Mauritania to Angola in eastern Atlantic Ocean (Ref. 2845, 3234, 4446, 81266); with exceptional records in Portugal, Azores and Atlantic coast of southern France (Ref. 3234, 4446). Crossed the Panama canal and was caught at Coiba Island in the Pacific Ocean (Ref. 4446).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm 160.0, range 130 - 128.5 cm
Max length : 250 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2683); common length : 130 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2683); poids max. publié: 161.0 kg (Ref. 26340); âge max. reporté: 55 années (Ref. 9975)

Description synthétique Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 13-16; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 22 - 25; Vertèbres: 53 - 57. Diagnosis: It is characterized by the anterior position of pelvic fin insertions in relation to dorsal-fin origin, and by some morphometric counts: 13-16 dorsal-fin rays, 40-48 lateral-line scales and 53-57 vertebrae (Ref. 2845, 81266).

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabit coastal waters, bays, estuaries, mangrove-lined lagoons, and rivers (Ref. 3789, 27188). Often found in river mouths and bays, entering fresh water (Ref. 27227). Lower depth limit at 40m (Ref. 118621). Large schools may frequent particular spots for years (Ref. 9710). Feed on fishes like sardines, anchovies, Mugilidae, Centropomus, Cichlidae (mainly those forming schools) and crabs (Ref. 3789, 27188). The swim bladder, attached to the esophagus, can be filled directly with air and permits the fish to live in oxygen-poor waters. Has high fecundity, a 203 cm female is estimated to produce over 12 million eggs (Ref. 10863). Spawn in waters which can be temporarily isolated from the open sea (Ref. 27188). Transparent leptocephalus larvae migrate into estuaries (Ref. 57533). Famous for its spectacular leaps when hooked. Marketed fresh or salted (Ref. 3789). Large scales are used in ornamental work and in preparation of artificial pearls (Ref. 3789). Used to be cultured commercially in Colombia (Ref. 7306). Highly appreciated by sport fishers. The flesh is also highly appreciated despite its being bony (Ref. 27188). The world record for hook and line is 283 lbs. from Lake Maricaibo, Venezuela (Ref. 13442).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Some populations may complete life cycle in freshwater, e.g. Lake Nicaragua in Central America, and Deep Lake in Florida (Ref. 4639).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Hureau, J.-C., 1984. Megalopidae. p. 226-227. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3234)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Vulnérable, voir Liste Rouge IUCN (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 12 June 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31172)





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; Aquaculture: commercial; pêche sportive: oui; Aquarium: Aquariums publics
FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Noms communs
Synonymes
Métabolisme
Prédateurs
Écotoxicologie
Reproduction
Maturité
Frai
Rassemblement de ponte
Fécondité
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Références
Aquaculture
Profil d'aquaculture
Souches
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Héritabilité
Pathologies
Traitement
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Collaborateurs
Images
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Sons
Ciguatera
Vitesse
Type de nage
Surface branchiale
Otolithes
Cerveaux
Vision

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.6 - 28, mean 27 °C (based on 1409 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0020   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00419 - 0.02501), b=3.02 (2.81 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.07-0.10; tmax=55; Fec>1 million).
Prior r = 0.34, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.55, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 8.83 [4.70, 21.29] mg/100g; Iron = 0.421 [0.226, 0.795] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.7, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.21 [0.11, 0.40] g/100g; Selenium = 21.2 [9.5, 44.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [9, 118] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.458 [0.310, 0.701] mg/100g (wet weight);