分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 5 m (Ref. 3723), usually 0 - 2 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 13°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 3723); absent in Bermuda. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde and Dakar, Senegal to Luanda, Angola (Ref. 4497).
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西, 包括加勒比海;(參考文獻 3723) 不存在於百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 維德角與達喀爾, 塞內加爾到 Luanda ，安哥拉.(參考文獻 4497)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 19.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2683); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3633); 最大体重: 200.00 g (Ref. 5217)
背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 13. No ridge between nostril and eye (Ref. 26938).
没有在鼻孔与眼之间的脊.(参考文献 26938)
An inshore, surface-dwelling species forming sizeable schools (Ref. 3723). Feeds mainly on sea grasses and small fishes (Ref. 3723). Mainly used as bait for offshore game fishes such as sailfishes and marlins; utilized as a food fish in the West Indies (Ref. 3723).
一种近岸的, 居住在水面的种形成可大小的鱼群.(参考文献 3723) 主要吃海草与小鱼。 (参考文献 3723) 主要地对于外海游钓鱼类例如旗鱼与马林鱼的用来当鱼饵; 利用在西印度群岛作为一个食用鱼.(参考文献 3723)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西, 包括加勒比海;(參考文獻 3723) 不存在於百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 維德角與達喀爾, 塞內加爾到 Luanda ，安哥拉.(參考文獻 4497)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.5 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 858 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00278 - 0.00520), b=3.08 (3.02 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.58 questionable; assuming tmax>3).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.77, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.8 [19.5, 142.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.681 [0.267, 1.717] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [15.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.053, 0.389] g/100g; Selenium = 14.2 [5.6, 39.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.6 [6.7, 165.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.985 [0.565, 1.712] mg/100g (wet weight);
