Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 8.3 - 18.8, mean 10.8 °C (based on 1296 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00685 - 0.01010), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.19-0.3; tm=0.8-2; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (13 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.7 [34.1, 168.4] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.447 [0.246, 0.844] mg/100g ; Protein = 16.9 [15.2, 18.6] % ; Omega3 = 1.25 [0.51, 2.96] g/100g ; Selenium = 14.5 [4.5, 34.5] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 24.8 [6.6, 88.9] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.967 [0.598, 1.658] mg/100g (wet weight);