Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 7.2, mean 3.4 °C (based on 687 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5938 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00290 - 0.01371), b=3.20 (3.00 - 3.40), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 13.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.08-0.10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.97 [1.79, 19.10] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.188 [0.077, 0.509] mg/100g ; Protein = 16.3 [14.2, 18.8] % ; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.106, 0.376] g/100g ; Selenium = 40.2 [11.1, 154.4] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 14 [4, 52] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.49 [0.19, 0.96] mg/100g (wet weight);