| Main Ref. | Machida, Y., J. Zhong, H. Endo and H. Wu, 2002 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | more or less straight |
| Type of eyes | more or less normal |
| Type of mouth/snout | more or less normal |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | cycloid scales |
| Diagnosis |
Head large; mouth subterminal. Eye diameter less than snout length. Opercular spine weak, broad, and flattened. Prominent cephalic sensory pores below eyes and on rear margin of preoperculum. Median basibranchial tooth patches 2. Vomer with V-shaped tooth patch. Anterior gill arch with 10-12 long rakers. Pectoral fins 12-15 rays, the longest about 1/2 or more in SL. Pelvic fins with 2 joined rays in each. Caudal fin rays 6. Branchiostegal rays 8. Precaudal vertebrae 15-16. Cycloid scales small, deciduous, covering head, body, and bases of dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins. Lateral line indistinct (Ref. 43943). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | 10 - 11 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 15 - 16 |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes | pointed; confluent |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes rays very elongated |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 12 - 15 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes reduced to filaments |
| Position jugular before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |