| Main Ref. | Guimarães, R.Z.P., 1999 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | fusiform / normal |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Typically with two dorsal spines, usually three preopercular spines, large dark-brown rounded spots on anterior portion of body, pores along ventral surface of lower jaw and posterior margin of preopercular large and simple (Ref. 35963). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | 8 - 12 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 24 - 24 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 2 - 3 |
| Soft-rays total | 24 - 27 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 0 - 0 |
| Soft-rays total | 14 - 17 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 13 - 15 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 5 - 5 |