International Introductions of   Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus
Introductions as compiled by FAO

Main Ref: Nico, L. and P. Fuller 2006
To: USA
FAO area: America, North - Inland waters
From:Unknown
FAO area:  
Year: 1991
Range: -
Period: 1975-1999
Established in the wild: established, natural reproduction
Established in aquaculture:   - never used unknown
Significant ecological interactions: probably some - adverse
Significant socio-economic effects: -
Introduced by:  
Reason: ornamental
Other reason:  
Comments: Relatively abundant in several natural streams - Hillsborough River drainage, Florida; Pearl River, Mississippi; Julian reservoir, North Carolina; Long Lake, Washington, etc. May have a significant impact on the aquatic food base negatively affecting native invertebrate and vertebrate species (Nico, personal observations Ref. 56962). Reported to attach to endangered native manatees (Trachechus manatus latirostris) and graze on the epibiota of their skin, adverse impact on manatees uncertain (Ref. 82066).     Ref:  Nico, L. and P. Fuller, 2006


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