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| Infected fish are listless in the surface, with 'head-up tail-down' posture, sometimes spinning incircles before dying, inflamation in the skin under the jaw, operculum, and belly. Skin is bright red because of severe haemorrhaging, haemorrhage also occurs in the base of fins, depigmented areas appear on the skin and progress to inflamed cutaneous ulcers and lesion appears in between the frontal bones of the skull posterior to, or between, the eyes of chronically ill fish. The infected fish also have pale gills, exopthalmia, and sometimes abdominal distension with ascites. Visceral organs are also affected, hyperthrophied kidney, and spleen with a dark red color; inflamed adipose tissue, peritoneum, intestine and the liver is pale or mootled with congestion. |
| Stop feeding the infected fish may help in the treatment. Feeding with medicated feed (e.g. sulphadimenthoxine-ormetoprim) every third day can significantly increase the survival rate of the fish. Some medicine that can be administered are: sulphadimenthoxine-ormetoprim, mixed with food at 50mg to 75mg per kilogram of fish for 5 days, followed by a 3-day withdrawal period for catfish; Oxytetracycline, mixed also with food at 50mg to 75mg per kilogram of fish per day, for 12 to 14 days, followed also by a 21-day withdrawal period. Also the use of Sarafloxine, a Quinolone, can yield good results (for channel catfish, 10mg/kg of fish per day, for 5 or 10 days. ) |
| Good management of cultured fish is important. |
| Enteric septicaemia of catfish is considered a seasonal disease, occuring in the late spring to early summer and again in the autum. Also Ref. 047494. |
| high (30% - 60%) |
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