More information on Intestinal Ligulosis
Main Ref: 51  
Disease type: Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)  
Disease name: Intestinal Ligulosis  
Other names: Ligulosis  
Caus. agent: Ligula intestinalis  
Group:    
Part of body and/or behavior affected by disease:
 Skins and/or fins  Belly  Swimming behavior
 Gills  Anus  Other behavior
 Eyes  Viscera Afflicted  Other symptoms
Fish affected: Cyprinidae, Catostomidae   
Symptoms: Parasite: length 20 - 100 cm, width 0.5 - 1.8 cm , without external separations, swimming at surface or on their sides/back, swollen belly, loss of appetite.  
Treatments: Use of Droncit (Praziquantel of Beyer), 5 mg per kg of fish, either by direct application of mixed into the pellets; and Mebendazole (5-benzoyi-1H-benzimidazol-2-vl). Note: Drugs should be mixed in oil (corn, soy, fish) and sprayed on to the pellets or a mixing of 1 liter per 70 kg of dry weight. Also the control of copepods would result in higher effectivity of the treatment (Ref. 045600).  
Prophylaxis: Removal of infected fish and disinfection. Keep clear of fish-eating birds.   
Remarks: Pathological symptoms include fibrosis, inflamation and atrophy of the viscera. These atrophy causes dispalcement and compression of internal organs, with an accompanying accumulation of blood stained ascitic fluid (Bauer, 1959; Sweeting, 1977; Mitchell and Hoffman, 1980) (Ref.045600).  
Mortality and seasonality
Mortality:  
Seasonality:
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