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List of Freshwater Fishes reported from Panama
n = 228
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Table 1: 216 species currently present in the country/island (endemic, native, introduced, reintroduced);
Table 2: 4 species possibly present in the country/island (stray, questionable);
Table 3: 8 species demonstrated to be absent in the country/island (extirpated, not established, misidentification, error).
Table 4: 228 species reported from the country/island altogether.
Table : 228 .
     
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Family Species Author Info Occurrence Common names Abundance Max length Maturity Remark Photo
Characidae Bryconamericus gonzalezi Román-Valencia, 2002 Fr native   7.38 cm SL male/unsexed  Type locality: Río Bongie, 9°21'35"N, 82°36'35"W (Ref. 46206). 
Characidae Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908) Fr native   11.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Characidae Bryconamericus zeteki Hildebrand, 1938 Fr native   8.80 cm TL male/unsexed    No picture yet.
Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) Fr, Br, M, Fi native  Tiburón toro (Spanish)  360 cm TL male/unsexed ;400 cm TL female  Panama Canal.  
Characidae Carlana eigenmanni (Meek, 1912) Fr native   5.39 cm SL male/unsexed    No picture yet.
Poeciliidae Carlhubbsia stuarti Rosen & Bailey, 1959 Fr native   5.50 cm SL male/unsexed ;4.50 cm female   
Ariidae Cathorops fuerthii (Steindachner, 1876) Fr, Br, M native   31.20 cm TL male/unsexed   
Ariidae Cathorops hypophthalmus (Steindachner, 1876) Fr, Br, M, Fi endemic   35.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Known only from the Pacific draining rivers (Ref. 39852). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9271). 
Ariidae Cathorops steindachneri (Gilbert & Starks, 1904) Fr, Br, M, Fi native  Congo (Spanish), Cominata (Spanish)  36.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Ariidae Cathorops tuyra (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) Fr, Br, M native   33.90 cm TL male/unsexed   
Centropomidae Centropomus ensiferus Poey, 1860 Fr, Br, M native   36.20 cm TL male/unsexed   
Centropomidae Centropomus nigrescens Günther, 1864 Fr, Br, M, Fi native  Robalo (Spanish), Robalo negro (Spanish), Robalo redondo (Spanish)  123 cm TL male/unsexed   
Centropomidae Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860 Fr, Br, M native   72.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Centropomidae Centropomus pectinatus Poey, 1860 Fr, Br, M native   56.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Loricariidae Chaetostoma fischeri Steindachner, 1879 Fr native  Cucho (Spanish)  30.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from Bayano and Tuira River basins in the Pacific versant and Chagres River basin in the Caribbean versant (Ref. 36713). 
Crenuchidae Characidium marshi Breder, 1925 Fr native   4.40 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from the Tuira River basin (Ref. 37059).  No picture yet.
Cichlidae Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Fr, Br, Aq introduced  Sargento (Spanish)  74.00 cm TL male/unsexed 33.2 SL  
Cyprinidae Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes, 1844) Fr not established   55.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Has established in aquaculture through assisted/artificial reproduction. Has not established in the wild (Ref. 1739). This record refers to Cirrhinus chinensis. 
Cyclopsettidae Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 Fr, Br, M, Fi native  Lenguado (Spanish), Lenguado boca grande (Spanish)  27.90 cm TL male/unsexed  In range Ref. 11482. 
Serrasalmidae Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) Fr, Aq introduced   108 cm TL male/unsexed   
Characidae Compsura gorgonae (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1909) Fr native   2.94 cm SL male/unsexed  Type locality: Small pool below the spillway of the reservoir dam at Gorgona, Panama Canal Zone.  No picture yet.
Characidae Creagrutus affinis Steindachner, 1880 Fr native   7.80 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from the Pacific slope rivers of Panama from Rio Bayano to Rio Tuira and Atlantic slope in Rio Chagres system.  No picture yet.
Cichlidae Cribroheros alfari (Meek, 1907) Fr misidentification   15.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Rio Guarumo (Ref. 7335). Also Ref. 4537. Occurrence of the species in this country not confirmed (Ref. 36377). 
Cichlidae Cribroheros altifrons (Kner, 1863) Fr native   13.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Rio Chiriqui. 
Cichlidae Cribroheros bussingi (Loiselle, 1997) Fr native   15.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Found in the Guarumo River (Ref. 36377). 
Cichlidae Cribroheros diquis (Bussing, 1974) Fr misidentification   13.50 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Rio Parrita (Ref. 7335). Occurrence of this species in the country is not confirmed (Ref. 36377). 
Cichlidae Cribroheros rhytisma (López S., 1983) Fr misidentification  scarce (very unlikely) 13.50 cm SL male/unsexed  Recorded from this country (Ref. 7335). Occurrence in the country is not confirmed (Ref. 36377). 
Loricariidae Crossoloricaria variegata (Steindachner, 1879) Fr native   26.50 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Río Mamoni near Chepo, Panama (Ref. 6868). 
Gobiidae Ctenogobius claytonii (Meek, 1902) Fr native   5.80 cm SL male/unsexed    No picture yet.
Ctenoluciidae Ctenolucius beani (Fowler, 1907) Fr native   28.60 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from the Pacific versant rivers as far west as the Río Santa Maria system in Veraguas Province. Collected from Darien (Río Seteganti, Río Tuira, Río Pirre, Río Pucuro, Río Capetí, Río Yape, Río Aruza, Río Membrillo, Río Uruseca, and Río Chucunaque), Panama (Río Mamoni, Río Marte Arnade, Río Calobre, Río Abaco, Río Juan Diaz, swamps at La Jagua Hunting Club, creeks along Inter-American Highway about 7.2 km and 14.5 km E of Río Pacora), Veraguas (creek at bridge about 14.5 km from Santiago on road to San Francisco, Río Santa Maria basin), and Herrera (creek tributary to Río Escota). 
Xenocyprididae Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) Fr, Aq introduced   150 cm TL male/unsexed   
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys birkhahni (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1992) Fr endemic   6.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys brunneus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) Fr endemic   6.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys chucunaque (Breder, 1925) Fr endemic   6.00 cm TL male/unsexed    No picture yet.
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys frommi (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1993) Fr endemic   6.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys hildebrandi (Myers, 1927) Fr native   9.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Recorded from the Río San Pedro (Ref. 36880). 
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys isthmensis (Garman, 1895) Fr questionable   7.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Outside distributional range, occurrence needs confirmation. 
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys kuelpmanni (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1993) Fr endemic   6.00 cm TL male/unsexed    No picture yet.
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys monikae (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1995) Fr endemic   8.00 cm TL male/unsexed    No picture yet.
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys montium (Hildebrand, 1938) Fr endemic   8.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys sucubti (Breder, 1925) Fr native    Recorded from the Rio Sucubti, Provincia Darien (Ref. 36579).  No picture yet.
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys villwocki (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1997) Fr native    Type locality, Chagres National Park, 79°60'W, 9°25'N, Colon Province (Ref. 50838).  No picture yet.
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys wassmanni (Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1999) Fr native   5.80 cm TL male/unsexed  Known from the Atlantic coastal drainages (Ref. 36579).  No picture yet.
Rivulidae Cynodonichthys weberi (Huber, 1992) Fr endemic   9.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Sciaenidae Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, 1801) Fr, Br, M native   110 cm TL male/unsexed  Also Ref. 26938. 
Curimatidae Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) Fr native   27.00 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from rivers of Pacific versant. Museum: Río Bayano system, MCZ 54119. Also Ref. 9371. 
Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 Fr, Aq introduced   120 cm TL male/unsexed   
Mugilidae Dajaus monticola (Bancroft, 1834) Fr, Br native   36.00 cm TL male/unsexed   
Cichlidae Darienheros calobrensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) Fr endemic   25.00 cm TL male/unsexed  Type locality of Cichlasoma calobrense, Río Calobre, Panamá. FMNH 7600 (Ref. 114771). Known from Tuíra, Chucunaque and Bayano River basins (Ref. 36377). Also Ref. 7335. 
Loricariidae Dasyloricaria capetensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) Fr native   16.40 cm SL male/unsexed  Known from Rio Capeti, Panama, Tuyra River basin (Ref. 6868).  No picture yet.
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