Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 2 - 100 m (Ref. 13628), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 55314). Subtropical; 35°N - 8°N, 99°W - 60°W (Ref. 55314)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Yucatan, Mexico; northern coast of South America (Ref. 5217). Absent in the West Indies.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217)
deskripsi pendek
Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 13-14; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 13
Inhabits silty, sandy, or rubble bottoms (Ref. 9710). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 13628). Possesses electric organs located in a specialized pouch behind the eyes. Can discharge up to 50 volts (Ref. 10576).The electric organ discharge (EOD) rate depends on the temperature: about 500 Hz at 35°C and 50 Hz at 15°C (corresponding to the annual temperature range of the habitat of this species) (Ref. 10011). Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 125652)
penggunaan manusia
informasi lanjut
Umur / SaizPertumbuhanpanjang-beratpanjang-panjangukuran frekuensiMorfometrikMorfologiLarvaDinamika larvapemulihanKelimpahanBRUVS
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaFrekuensi alelDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 22.8 - 27.8, mean 25.4 °C (based on 428 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00176 - 0.01132), b=3.14 (2.91 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Subfamily-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): (0 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.3 [17.2, 59.0] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.791 [0.480, 1.395] mg/100g ; Protein = 19.6 [18.6, 20.6] % ; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.097, 0.291] g/100g ; Selenium = 18.5 [9.3, 34.7] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 91.8 [30.4, 258.2] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.779 [0.517, 1.202] mg/100g (wet weight);