| Main Ref. | Shinichiro Kakuma, 2014, , Pers. comm. | ||
| Spawning type | Group spawning | ||
| Aggregation type | Transient | ||
| Spawning evidence | |||
| Direct | |||
| Spawning observation; Hydrated eggs | |||
| Indirect | |||
| GSI; Courtship; High seasonal landings; Multiple gravid females; Colour changes associated with spawning; Mature gonads; Significant increase in numbers observed (eg > 3x) | |||
| Status | Same | ||
| Lunar phase | Third quarter; | ||
| Habitat type | Rubble; Reef channel (pass); Sand | ||
| Management | Marine Protected Area; Size limits | Gear | Trap; Spear; Gill net; Hook and Line |
| Country | Japan | ||