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Larvae Information Summary for  Engraulis encrasicolus
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Main Ref: Russell, F.S. 1976
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)   2.1 3 37
Preanal L. % TL 74.7 68.3    
Place of development planktonic
Larval area Bay of Biscay
Yolk-sac elongated   unpigmented Ref:  
Yolk segmented Oil globules no oil globule
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
When the yolk is absorbed at 5 mm, there is a row of fine black pigment spots below the notochord.
Post larvae
Striking feature none
Striking shape lateral eel-like dorsal normal (not striking)
Striking feature none
Shape of gut tube-like
Gas bladder   early pigmented late pigmented
Spinal armature   early no spines late no spines
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail tail with single melanophore
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Pigmentation late
Rows on tail ventral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Urostyle region   early pigmented late pigmented
Peritoneum with row of melanophores
Pectorals normal without melanophores
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent)  
Row of melanophores on top of the gut. Dorsal fin develops above the anus. Pelvics appear at 15 mm length. Presence of larvae in May by Ref. 266.
Meristic characters
  max min mod Ref.
Total number of vertebrae 47 44 46 261
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod 5   Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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