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Larvae Information Summary for  Elagatis bipinnulata
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Main Ref: Watson, W., S.R. Charter, H.G. Moser, D.A. Ambrose and E.M. Sandknop 1996
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)        
Preanal L. % TL        
Place of development planktonic
Larval area Northeastern Pacific (California Current Region); Northwestern Pacific (Japan)
Yolk-sac       Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules  
Rows on tail  
Other melanophores on tail  
Post larvae
Striking feature none
Striking shape lateral normal (not striking) dorsal  
Striking feature none
Shape of gut triangular
Gas bladder   early   late  
Spinal armature   early several different spines late several different spines
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral + lateral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral + lateral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Peritoneum with row of melanophores
Pectorals normal  
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent)  
Serrate preopercular spines; supraoccipital crest with single point; 2 anal spines; heavily pigmented. Pigmentation: Preflexion: Scattered on snout, jaws, and over midbrain; dorsally on gas bladder and gut; series along ventral margin of isthmus and gut; series on dorsal margin of trunk and tail, ventral margin of tail, and lateral midline of tail; last 1-6 myomeres unpigmented. Flexion: Increasing on upper half of head and on jaws; few on opercle; spreading ventrolaterally on gut and on trunk and tail; spreading dorsolaterally from ventral margin of tail. Postflexion: Nearly completely covered, lighter on lower half of head and laterally on abdominal area; little or none on posterior half of caudal peduncle. Transformation: Increasing on all areas; caudal peduncle covered except small dorsolateral and ventrolateral patches may be unpigmented. Sequence of fin development: principal caudal fin rays, first dorsal fin and anal fin, second dorsal fin and pectoral fin, procurrent caudal fin rays, pelvic fin.
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae    Ref. 
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod     Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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