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Larvae Information Summary for  Prionotus stephanophrys
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Main Ref: Richards, W.J. 1996
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)        
Preanal L. % TL        
Place of development planktonic
Larval area California Current Region
Yolk-sac       Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules  
Post larvae
Striking feature  
Striking shape lateral   dorsal  
Striking feature  
Shape of gut  
Gas bladder   early   late  
Spinal armature   early   late  
Pigmentation sparse; pectoral fin pigment limited to distal margin of fin until late postflexion stage; pigmentation on gular membrane limited to medial areas; pectoral fin heavily pigmented in juveniles; 10 spines in first dorsal fin compared with 11 in Bellator. Pigmentation: Yolk-sac: Migrating ventrad from top of head and dorsum; scattered on yolk sac. Pre-flexion: Postanal ventral midline series, double anteriorly; heavy patch above gut; a patch embedded anterior to gut; sparse ventrally on gut; sparse or absent on upper and lower jaws; sparse or absent in gular region (if present, a few scattered or in median series); sparse or absent on pectoral fin, limited to distal margin. Flexion-postflexion: On nape and dorsally on brain; heavier on pectoral fin; in late postflexion stage, at mid-lateral hypural region and below first dorsal fin. Juvenile: Pectoral fin very dark. Sequence of fin development: principal caudal fin rays and pectoral fin, anal fin and second dorsal fin, first dorsal fin, pelvic fin and procurrent caudal fin rays.
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod     Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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