FishBase |
Main Ref: | Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin and J.D. Hardy Jr. 1978 |
max | min | mod | Ref. | |
Length at birth (mm) | 3.25 | 4639 | ||
Preanal L. % TL |
Place of development | planktonic | |||
Larval area | Mid-Atlantic Bight | |||
Yolk-sac | ovoid pigmented | Ref: | ||
Yolk | segmented | Oil globules | more than one oil globule | |
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | no other melanophores | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on trunk | |||
Total myomeres about 32 at hatching, 40 at 5.5 mm. Four gill arches but no filaments at 6.5 mm. Body elongate at hatching; depth, including finfold, 0.2 mm; head flexed downward 90° over yolk. Head straight at 5.5 mm. Yolk mass initially oval and 0.8 mm in length, cylindrical by 2nd day, greatly reduced by 3rd (6.5 mm). Oral plate perforated at 1 day, but pharynx not open into mouth; cartilage of lower jaw forming at 6.5 mm; choroid fissure wide, closed in 1 day. Gut nearly straight at hatching; anus at margin of finfold at hatching, close to body in notch in finfold at 6.5 mm. Anlagen of pectorals present at 5.5 mm, small and paddle-like at 6.5 mm; finfold slightly constricted in caudal region at hatching. Pigmentation: Pigment lacking at birth and at 1 day; at 3 days (6.5 mm) a line of chromatophores on each side of body starting dorsad to yolk and extending to preanal finfold. |
Striking feature | none | |||
Striking shape lateral | normal (not striking) | dorsal | compressed | |
Striking feature | none | |||
Shape of gut | elongated | |||
Gas bladder early | late | |||
Spinal armature early | no spines | late | no spines | |
Pigmentation early | ||||
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | tail partly covered with melanophores | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on trunk | |||
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | tail partly covered with melanophores | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on trunk | |||
Pectorals | normal without melanophores | |||
Pelvics | normal (i.e. small or absent) without melanophores | |||
Body long and slender. Incipient gill filaments present at 10.8 mm; posterior development of opercle rapid during stage; nostril dividing at 17.5 mm. Internal folds of intestine developing at 10.8 mm; gut 1.5 to 2.0 times TL. Finfold reduced dorsally at 10.8 mm; only preanal present at 17.5 mm. Anal with incipient rays at 17.5 mm; caudal rounded and with 14 incipient rays at 10.8 mm, bifurcate at 17.5 mm; pectoral "paddle-like", more ventral by 10.8 mm, with primitive rays by 17.5 mm. Pigmentation: Additional chromatophores anterior to vent and along each side of dorsal wall of anterior third of gut: scattered over caudal fin and base, and along each side of anal. Sequence of fin development: dorsal, caudal, pectoral, pelvic and anal. |
max | min | mod | Ref. | |
Total number of vertebrae | 52 | 49 | 39045 |
L 1st feeding | Ref. | Months of presence of larvae | ||||
max | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | ||
min | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | ||
mod | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Water parameters Metric characters |
Back to Search |