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| Main Ref: | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 | |||||||||||
| Data Ref.: | ||||||||||||
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| Spawning ground: | ||||||||||||
| Locality: | Eastern part at north end of Caspian | |||||||||||
| Season: |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| 111 | 111 | |||||||||||
| Sex ratio: | % Ref.: | |||||||||||
| Temperature: | - °C | |||||||||||
| Gestation period: | month/s | |||||||||||
| Length of offspring: | cm | |||||||||||
| Batch spawners | ||||||||||||
| Daily spawning frequency |
- Mean: |
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Min Ref.: Max Ref.: Mean Ref.: |
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| Comments: | Spawns mostly when temperatures are 18 to 20°C, salinities 8 to 10 ppt and at depths of around 3 m. Young depart southward later than any other clupeids, late in autumn. | |||||||||||
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