| Main Ref. | Balon, E.K., 1990 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
| Parental Care | maternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Females incubate eggs in buccal cavity. Early hatching embryos commence feeding on inhaled particles by the female when still in possession of large yolk (Ref. 7471). In one study, larvae of up to 1.66 cm TL are mouthbrooded by a female parent 14.0 SL long (Ref. 86760). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |